Answer :
Final answer:
Brownian motion is the random movement of particles in a fluid. Concentration refers to the amount of a substance in a given volume or space. Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Explanation:
Brownian Motion
Brownian motion is the random movement of particles in a fluid due to collisions with other particles in the fluid. This phenomenon was first observed by the botanist Robert Brown and is caused by the constant motion of the fluid molecules.
Concentration
Concentration refers to the amount of a substance present in a given volume or space. It indicates how much of a particular substance is dissolved in a solvent or present in a mixture.
Concentration Gradient
A concentration gradient is the gradual change in concentration of a substance across a space or membrane. It exists when there is a difference in concentration between two regions, and it can drive processes like diffusion and osmosis.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of molecules or particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. It occurs due to the random motion of particles and aims to achieve an equilibrium or balance in concentration.
Selectively Permeable Membrane
A selectively permeable membrane is a barrier that allows certain substances to pass through while restricting the passage of others. It is selectively permeable because it allows the movement of specific molecules based on their size, charge, or other properties while preventing the passage of larger or charged molecules.
Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules, such as water, from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, through a selectively permeable membrane. It occurs to equalize the concentration on both sides of the membrane.
Osmotic Pressure
Osmotic pressure is the pressure exerted by a solution to prevent the inward flow of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. It is a measure of the concentration difference between the two sides of the membrane and plays a role in processes like osmosis.
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